Al Saeed University Journal of Humanities Sciences

Asymmetric Cost Behavior and Its Reflection on the Profitability of Yemeni Industrial Companies Amidst the Economic Crisis "An Applied Study"

Sun, 31 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This research aims to provide further empirical evidence on the asymmetric behavior of costs in Yemeni industrial companies and to measure the impact of such behavior on the profitability of these companies under the prevailing economic crisis.

To achieve this objective, an applied study was conducted using data from 14 Yemeni industrial companies, with a total of 86 observations covering the period from 2011 to 2017. The research employed multiple linear regression models using panel data with fixed effects to test the hypotheses. The findings indicate that operating costs exhibit asymmetric behavior—being upward sticky prior to the economic crisis and downward sticky during the crisis period. Moreover, the stickiness of operating costs has a negative effect on both Return on Assets (ROA) and Net Profit Margin (NPM) before the crisis, while it has a positive effect during the crisis in Yemeni industrial companies.

The Punishment for Apostasy in Contemporary Islamic Discourse

Gubran Naji Gubran Yahya, Waddah Salem Haitham — Sun, 31 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study addresses the issue of the apostasy punishment in contemporary Islamic discourse by surveying and examining the most prominent views presented by Muslim scholars and intellectuals in this field. The research begins with a brief description of the issue of apostasy and a concise presentation of its prescribed punishment as found in classical Islamic jurisprudence, along with the previius found evidence cited by jurists from the Qur’an, the Sunnah, scholarly consensus, and rational argumentation.

The study then moves to explore the approaches adopted by contemporary Islamic discourse in addressing this issue. It identifies three main trends:

The traditional-conservative trend, which relates classical juristic ruling on apostasy punishment as it appears in the related heritage.

The reformative trend, which links the punishment to political dimensions related to treason and rebellion.

The liberal or open trend, which denies any worldly punishment for apostasy. It reinterprets certain religious texts, and disregards others as evidence.

The study also presents the key arguments relied upon by each group. Finally this study is concluded by the findings and some concerned recommendations.

Assessment of drinking Water Quality in the City of Mukalla from the Users Perspective "A Social Field Study"

Sun, 31 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to evaluate the quality of drinking water in the city of Mukalla, Yemen, through a field-based questionnaire targeting water users in selected areas, namely Mukalla, Al-Sharj, Al-Dees, Fouh, and Khalaf. The research focused on three main aspects: community awareness regarding water-related issues, health impacts resulting from water pollution, and residents' perspectives on possible solutions to improve the water situation. Data were collected from 101 participants and analyzed using SPSS software.

The findings revealed significant challenges in both the distribution and quality of water. Approximately 70% of respondents indicated that water distribution is inequitable across areas, with noticeable variations in delivery frequency and quality. Furthermore, 39.4% reported that a family member had experienced water-related illnesses such as diarrhea and stomach pain. Notably, 94.6% of participants cited kidney stone formation as a common health issue—an outcome consistent with elevated levels of total dissolved solids (TDS) in drinking water, which increases the risk of kidney stones and urinary tract disorders in the study areas.

The study also highlighted limited public awareness regarding water quality issues. About 55% of respondents reported inadequate knowledge of household water treatment methods or quality improvement strategies. Based on these findings, the study recommends upgrading water infrastructure and expanding distribution networks to ensure fair access to water across all areas. It also emphasizes the need for environmental awareness campaigns and encourages the use of household water treatment techniques such as filtration and boiling to improve water quality for domestic use.

These insights contribute to improving water management in Mukalla, enhancing public health, and promoting a more equitable distribution of water resources.

The Impact of Think pair share Strategy on Developing the Skills of Realistic Thinking and Direct – Delayed Achievement Among Pupils in Geography Material Basic Stage and their Attitudes Towards Them

Waseem Jmaan Ashour, Mohammed Hasan Al-Aamri — Sun, 31 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The study aimed at identifying the effect of (Think-Pair- Share) strategy in developing realistic thinking skills, direct and deferred achievement, and the attitude toward the geography material for the eighth grade in Hadramout Governorate. In order to achieve the study objective, the researchers used the experimental approach, particularly the quasi-experimental design as well as the descriptive design.

The study sample consisted of (60) students. They were chosen purposively and divided into two groups, experimental and control. The experimental group consisted of (29) students taught through (Think-Pair- Share) strategy. On the other hand, the control group consisted of (31), and they were taught through the traditional method used in schools.

After verifying the validity and reliability, pretest and post-test were administered to the two groups. The results were statistically calculated using the statistical package program (SPSS). The study came up with the following results:

Building a list of realistic thinking skills suitable for the eighth grade students in primary education stage.
There are statistically significant differences at the level (a ≤ 0.05) between the average scores of students in the two groups (experimental and control) in the post-test of realistic thinking skills due to the use (think - pair - share/traditional) strategy in favor of the experimental group with a significance value of (0.011) and high effect size.
There are statistically significant differences at the level (a ≤ 0.05) between the average scores of students in the two groups (experimental and control) in the direct achievement post-test due to the use of (think - pair - share/traditional) strategy in favor of the experimental group with a significance value of (0.001) and high effect size.
There are statistically significant differences at the level (a ≤ 0.05) between the average scores of students in the two groups (experimental and control) in the post-test for the deferred achievement due to the use of (think - pair - share/traditional) strategy in favor of the experimental group with a significance value of (0.021) and high effect size.
There are statistically significant differences at the significance level (a ≤ 0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students (pre- and post-test) when applying the attitude towards geography scale due to the use of the teaching strategy (think - pair - share) in favor of the post scale with a significance value of (0.007).

Using and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model to Analyze the Key Factors Influencing the Exchange Rate

Hassna Ahmed Hassan Ahmed — Sun, 31 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to analyze the factors influencing the exchange rate in the Republic of Yemen during the period (1990–2017), by focusing on key economic variables, including Gross Domestic Product (GDP), inflation, money supply, budget deficit, and balance of payments. To achieve this objective, the study employed both the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model the time series data of the selected variables, The study adopted the descriptive analytical approach to examine the phenomenon and analyze the relationships among the studied variables. The results indicated the existence of a long-term equilibrium (cointegration) between the exchange rate and the independent variables. The study recommended enhancing the effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policies to mitigate exchange rate fluctuations.

Using discriminatory analysis and neural network models in classifying the factors affecting Influencing Female Students’ academic achievement in Aden

Tahani Abdul Majed Ahmed Abdul Wahab — Sun, 31 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to classify the factors affecting the academic achievement of female high school students in Aden Governorate. To achieve the study’s objectives, the descriptive survey method was adopted, along with the design of a questionnaire that was distributed to a simple random sample in three public girls’ high schools, consisting of 300 second-semester students for the academic year 2022–2023.

The study sought to compare discriminant analysis and artificial neural network models in distinguishing between observations and classifying them into their respective groups, using the misclassification rate (percentage of incorrectly classified observations) as the comparison criterion.

The study revealed that the ranking of factors affecting academic achievement from the students’ perspective was as follows: family factors, personal factors, socio-economic factors, and school factors. The results of the Chi-square test indicated a statistically significant effect at the 0.05 significance level for the factors influencing students’ academic achievement. Furthermore, the results showed that the most influential factors on students’ achievement were family-related factors, whereas school factors had the least impact.

The artificial neural network method, considered one of the modern approaches for distinguishing between observations, provided a better classification rate than the discriminant analysis model.

In light of the findings, the study recommended giving due attention to the family environment in general and striving to achieve family stability, as it is important in fostering ambition among its members and thus improving their academic achievement. It also recommended the use of advanced statistical methods (multivariate analysis techniques) and modern classification models—such as artificial neural network models—for distinguishing between two or more groups in all fields of knowledge, including educational and social sciences.

The Use of Artificial Intelligence Applications in Management from the Perspective of Administrative Leaders A Field Study on Administrative Leaders in State Institutions in Aden Governorate

Rostom Sharif Ahmed Salah — Sun, 31 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to examine the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the performance of administrative leadership in the surveyed organizations. To achieve this objective, the researcher adopted a descriptive-analytical approach due to its suitability for the nature of the study.
The study population and sample consisted of administrative leaders from the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Social Affairs and Labor, and the Ministry of Health. The researcher distributed (44) questionnaires to a random sample of administrative leaders across these government ministries. The questionnaire was selected as the appropriate research instrument for field data collection based on the study objectives and variables.

Key Findings:

Weak utilization of AI applications in the administrative environments of the study sample
Deficiencies in awareness and training programs related to AI technologies
Inadequate technical and analytical infrastructure, including:
- Absence of intelligent decision support systems.
- Lack of integration between AI tools and institutional information systems.
Weak organizational and individual awareness of AI's role in:
- Improving decision quality.
- Enhancing operational efficiency.
Shortcomings in applying effective administrative leadership principles, particularly in:
- Strategic planning.
- Employee motivation.
- Performance monitoring These limitations reduce the potential benefits from AI technologies.

Role of Women in the 19th Century English Society as Depicted in Jane Austen's Mansfield Park

Sun, 31 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study has investigated the role of women in 19th-century English society as depicted in Jane Austen’s Mansfield Park, focusing on how the novel portrays female characters within the social and cultural constraints of the era. This study has used a qualitative literary analysis approach with feminist and socio-historical frameworks. This study explores how Austen critiques and reflects on the roles of women, particularly through the character of Fanny Price. The study examines the societal expectations placed on women, emphasizing the tension between personal desires and social obligations, and how these forces shape the experiences and choices of the female characters. The study has concluded that Austen has a subtle critique of these limitations and her portrayal of the complex intersection of gender, class, and morality can be traced especially in the context of marriage. By situating Mansfield Park within its historical and cultural context of nineteenth century, this study has concluded that Austen’s exploration of gender roles and the restrictions placed on women in her time, offers valuable insights into the ongoing relevance of these themes in both historical and contemporary discourse on gender and power studies of nineteenth century and the current gender studies.