مجـلـة جـامـعـة السـعيد للعلـوم التطبيقية

Post Traumatic Leg, Knee and Ankle Reconstruction, Surgical Approach and Outcome in Plastic Surgery During Current War in Taiz

Ghazi Abdulhalim Al-Ariki — 2026-05-25

Background: War-related lower extremity injuries post complex reconstructive challenges due to high-energy trauma, extensive soft tissue loss, and delayed presentation

Methods: This prospective descriptive study included 200 consecutive patients presenting with leg, knee, and ankle injuries requiring soft tissue reconstruction at Al-Thawra Hospital, Taiz, Yemen, over 19 months. A standardized orthoplastic protocol was followed, including meticulous debridement, early or delayed reconstruction using skin grafts, local fasciocutaneous, or muscle flaps. Patient demographics, injury mechanism, defect characteristics, reconstructive modality, complications, and outcomes were recorded.

Results: Most patients were male (93.5%), with high-velocity projectile injuries being predominant (61.5%). Reconstruction was performed with split-thickness skin grafts in 54%, flaps in 40%, and primary closure in 6% of cases. Early reconstruction (<72h) was associated with significantly shorter hospital stay and lower osteomyelitis rates (p<0.001).

Conclusions: Timely orthoplastic reconstruction, guided by defect characteristics and resource availability, yields favorable outcomes in conflict-related lower limb trauma. Early intervention reduces complications and hospitalization, emphasizing the importance of integrated multidisciplinary care in resource-limited settings.

Aurivillius type BiCrVOx -Catalyzed Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue in aqueous media under visible- light irradiation

Afraah Alfaatesh — 2026-05-25

This work reports on a newly developed Aurivillius-type BiCrVO_x series (Bi₂Cr_xV1-_xO_5.5-x, 0.05 ≤ x ≤ 0.20), focusing on its phase stability and photocatalytic behavior under visible light irradiation. The samples were synthesized via an ethylene glycol–citrate sol–gel method, followed by microwave-assisted calcination. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) indicated the stabilization of three crystalline phases, α-monoclinic, β-orthorhombic, and γ-tetragonal, at room temperature. XRD refinement revealed that an increase in chromium content led to lattice expansion owing to the substitution of smaller V⁵⁺ ions (0.54 Å) with larger Cr³⁺ ions (0.755 Å). The direct band gap energy (Eg), determined by UV–Vis spectroscopy, achieved values ranging from 1.64 to 2.68 eV. The photocatalytic performance was assessed through the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible- light irradiation with λ > 400 nm. The highest performance was observed for the γ-tetragonal phase at x = 0.15, with an apparent first-order rate constant (k_app) of 13.22 × 10^-3 min^-1. The enhanced activity is attributed to band gap narrowing caused by disordered oxygen vacancies at equatorial sites. In contrast, a decline in performance at x = 0.20 is likely due to vacancy ordering associated with apical oxygen positions. Overall, the results demonstrate that BiCrVO_x is an effective photocatalyst for the removal of recalcitrant organic pollutants from industrial wastewater. 68

Factors Associated with Successful Vaginal Birth after One Caesarean Section (VBAC) in Al-Gomhori Teaching Hospital, Taiz – Yemen

Kafa Qasem Ajlan — 2026-05-25

Background A Trial of labor after cesarean section is an attempt to deliver vaginally by a woman who had a previous cesarean delivery and when achieved by a vaginal delivery it is called successful vaginal birth after cesarean section. Vaginal birth after a caesarian section is a preferred method to decrease complications associated with repeated caesarian section delivery for both mother and fetus.

Study Objectives To identify factors associated with successful VBAC following TOLAC in women with one prior caesarean section at Al- Gomhory Teaching Hospital.

Study Design Hospital _based retrospective study

Methods and subjects This study was conducted at Al- Gomhory Teaching Hospital, Taiz Governorate from January2023 to December 2024. A questionnaire was developed for this study, collecting data on each woman who had undergone a previous cesarean section and attempted vaginal birth, such as maternal age, interval between births, prenatal care, and fetal condition, cervical dilation at admission, mode of delivery, maternal complications, and fetal / neonatal complications. All these data were recorded, entered into SPSS software, and analyzed.

Results

There were 150 women underwent attempted vaginal birth after one cesarean section. Their mean age was 28.3 ± 6.1 years, and the mean interval between births was 4.03 ± 3.0 years. 34% of women had interdelivery interval ≤ 2 years, and 66% were over 2 years. 47.3% of women attended prenatal care, while 52.7% did not attend prenatal care. There were 22% of women experienced vaginal birth before cesarean, and 28.7% experienced vaginal birth after cesarean. The mean gestational age at delivery was 38.17 ± 3.05 weeks. There were 82.7% of women had cervical dilated (more than 4 cm), and 17.3% were less than 4 cm at admission. The success rate of vaginal birth was 64%, and the failure rate was 36%. The mean birth weight was 2994.7 ± 430.1 grams. The Apgar score at five-minute ≥ 7 88%, and the complications for newborns were admission to the intensive care unit for 13.3%, while for mothers the complications were uterine rupture for 6.7%, and the study did not record a significant relationship between ante natal health care during pregnancy and rupture of amniotic fluid membranes (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

The success rate of VBAC trials of women with previous one scare was 64% in line with global rate. Maternal age between 20-30 years, interdelivery interval > 2 years and women not booked during the current pregnancy were the predominant in our sample size. Almost half of women had previous vaginal delivery either pre or post cesarean section. Gestational age was predominant at term while, the preterm and post term were present in a small proportion of women. A Small proportion of neonates had low birth weight, had low Apgar score at 5 minutes, and admission to NICU were the common fetal outcome. Post-partum hemorrhage and uterine dehiscence were mainly the maternal outcome with high rate of uterine rupture.

Incidences of Twin Pregnancies, Fetal Outcomes and Complication Affecting the Mother in AL-Gomhori Hospital in Taiz, Yemen

Rasha Murshed Said Nagi — 2026-05-25

Background

Multiple pregnancies are much more common today than they were in the past. Twin pregnancies occur in about 4% of pregnancies in some countries. Adverse pregnancy outcome was more common in twin pregnancy than in singleton pregnancy.

Study Objectives

The study generally aims to highlight the incidence of twin pregnancies in Al Gomhori hospital, Taiz, Yemen over a year (from Oct 1^st 2024 to Sep 30^th 2025)

Study Design

A prospective observational study.

Subjects and Methods

A questionnaire was constructed to collect data about each woman admitted to the hospital with twin pregnancies. The questionnaire included the important data about the mothers, such as age, parity, associated factors of twin pregnancy, antenatal healthcare, complications during pregnancy and delivery, gestational age at delivery, mode of delivery, and the condition of the mothers and the newborns after delivery. The data were collected and analyzed using SPSS software.

Results

The study found that 115 women gave birth to twins, resulting in the incidence of twin pregnancy as 1.3% in the hospital. The majority of these women (37.3%) were multipara. Their mean age was 29.16 ± 5.4 years, ranging from 18 to 40 years. A previous personal twin pregnancy accounted for 8.4% of the women, while a family history of twin pregnancies was present in 67.8% of the maternal side and 15.7% paternal side. Obesity was present among these women (20.9%). A total of 97.3% of the women had received prenatal care, while only three women did not attend antenatal care. Maternal complications included anemia (60.8%), premature birth (53.9%), urinary tract infections (29.5%), preeclampsia (9.5%), and polyhydramnios (8.7%). The most common complication during delivery was rupture of membranes (10.4%), and postpartum complications included postpartum hemorrhage (7.8%) and retained placenta (3.4%). Smoking was not significantly associated with preterm birth, but khat use had a statistically significant effect (P <0.001). The rate of cesarean section reaching 44.3%, the most common indication being non- cephalic presentation of the first twin. The most common fetal complications were premature birth and its consequences (53.9%), fetal injury (6.9%) twin discordance (16.5%), and others. The study did not observe any differences in the Apgar score at five minutes between the first and second twins. Seven of the first twins and seven of the second twins were stillborn. The mean birth weight of the first twin was 2157.86 ± 638.1 grams, and the mean birth weight of the second twin was 2071.40 ± 623.3 grams. The perinatal mortality was 73.91 per 1000 births

Conclusion

The incidence of twin pregnancy in the hospital observed in this study is 1.3% similar to the global incidence. The majority of women were multiparous and the incidence of twin pregnancy increased with increasing maternal age. Twinning was detected more among women with family history particularly along the maternal side. The majority of twin pregnancies were diagnosed during antenatal care. Anemia, premature birth, urinary tract infection, preeclampsia, polyhydramnios, pressure symptoms, PROM, and PPH were the most frequent maternal complications. The rate of cesarean section was lower than that of vaginal delivery with no combined mode of delivery for the second twin. The commonest indication of the cesarean section was non-vertex presentation of the first twin followed by prior scar. Prematurity, discordance, fetal demise, and congenital anomalies were the most frequent fetal complications. The mean birth weight for the first twin was higher than the second one with no statistical difference between the first and second twin in relation to Apgar score at 5 minutes.

Effect of Hyoscine Butyl Bromide in Shortening the Duration of First Stage of Labor in Primigravida Women in Al Gomhory Hospital, Taiz-Yemen

Heba Mohammed Othman Qaid — 2026-05-25

Background

Various agents have been used to accelerate the rate of cervical dilatation with subsequent reduction in the duration of labor, thus preventing prolonged labor.

Study Objectives

To evaluate the efficacy of intramuscular Hyoscine Butyl Bromide in shortening the active phase of the first stage of labor total duration of labor among primigravida women at Al-Gomhory Hospital, Taiz, Yemen (from January to December 2025).

Study Design

A prospective, interventional, comparative study.

Methods and Materials

A questionnaire was constructed for this study, including all information about the mother, such as age, gestational age, place of residence, antenatal check-up, cervical condition, mode of delivery, and maternal and neonatal outcomes. Cases were divided into two groups: the study group (n = 51) was given 20 mg of hyoscine intramuscularly when the laboring women in the active phase of the first stage (cervix dilated between 4 and 8 cm), while the control group (n= 51) was not given any drug. Data was collected for both groups, and the cases were followed up until delivery. The information was recorded and entered into SPSS Microsoft program for analysis.

Results

The mean age of women in the study group was 22.22±4.58 years, and in the control group, 22.29±4.1 years. There was no statistically significant differences between the two groups. There were also no statistically significant differences in place of residence, as the majority of both groups were urban residents. There were 74.5% of the study group did not visit the antenatal care clinic during pregnancy, compared to 72.5% of the control group.

One-third of the study group delivered prematurely (between 35 and 37 weeks), and the remaining two-thirds delivered at term. There was no statistically significant differences between the two groups in relation to gestational age at delivery, nor was any statistical differences between the two groups in cervical dilatation and cervical position at the time of giving hyoscine butyl bromide. Almost all of the two groups delivered spontaneously vaginally, with the exception of one case in the study group in which forceps was used. Maternal complications included postpartum hemorrhage (1.9%) and perineal laceration (5.9%). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of the Apgar score, birth weight, or admission to postpartum intensive care.

The study showed that the use of hyoscine resulted in a significant reduction in the duration of the active phase of the first stage of labor compared to the control group. The study also showed that the drug did not shorten the duration of the second stage of labor, while it reduced the duration of the third stage of labor and also reduced the overall duration of labor compared to the control group. The study did not observe any increase in the amount of bleeding during labor between the two groups.

Conclusion

The study showed that the use of hyoscine butyl bromide resulted in a statistically significant acceleration in the duration of the active phase of the first stage of labor, but no acceleration in the second stage of labor. However, a statistically significant acceleration in the duration of the third stage was observed, and the overall duration of labor was reduced compared to the control group. The study did not observe any complications from the drug used for mothers or newborns, and postpartum bleeding was minimal, indicating that this drug is safe and effective.

Advances in Machine Learning for Chronic Disease Prediction: A Comprehensive Review

Ansab Naif — 2026-05-25

Chronic conditions including diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, kidney disease, and Alzheimer's contribute increasingly to the global health burden, highlighting the critical need for early diagnosis and timely intervention to enhance patient care and lower medical expenses. Recent advances in Machine Learning (ML) have demonstrated significant potential in predicting the onset and progression of these conditions by analyzing large-scale medical datasets and uncovering complex patterns often missed by traditional diagnostic methods. These technologies enable faster, more accurate and cost-effective assessments, benefiting both clinicians and patients. This review comprehensively examines the application of ML techniques to the prediction of these four major chronic diseases, highlighting their transformative role in early diagnosis. Deep learning models, such as stacked Artificial Neural Network (stack-ANN) and hybrid Convolutional Neural Network Long Short-Term Memory (CNNLSTM) architectures, have achieved high predictive performance, with reported accuracies reaching up to 99.51% and AUC scores of 1.00 in specific contexts. Boosting algorithms, including XGBoost and LightGBM, also deliver robust results, frequently exceeding 98% of accuracy. The review emphasizes the crucial role of data preprocessing and feature selection in enhancing model interpretability and performance. Ensemble methods, such as bagging and voting classifiers, further contribute to improved predictive outcomes. Despite these advancements, the generalizability of many models remains limited due to heavy reliance on single-source datasets.